In the tumultuous period that followed Council of Chalcedon in 451who divided the Christian world on the nature of Christ, a group of nine missionaries, known collectively as Nine saintsheaded towards Ethiopia. Their arrival marked a pivotal moment in the country’s history, as they played a crucial role in establishing and consolidating Christianity as the dominant faith.
The nine saints came from different regions of the Byzantine Empirenotably Syria, Cilicia, Cappadocia and Rome. Their origins reflected the religious and cultural diversity of the empire (and the Church) of that era. They were all experienced, theologically and morally sound Christians committed to spreading the Gospel and establishing a strong Christian presence in Ethiopia.
Upon their arrival in Ethiopia, the nine saints found themselves faced with a country steeped in its own ancient traditions and beliefs – Abrahamic or not. Despite the difficulties, they persevered, establishing churches and monasteries throughout the country. They translated the Bible into Ge’ez, which would become the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, making Christianity more accessible to the people.
Each of the nine saints brought unique assets and contributions to its mission.
Abba Aftsé, known for his healing abilities, established a monastery at Yeha, a center of learning and spiritual guidance. Abba Alef ventured north and reached Bi’isa, where he founded a monastery and introduced Christianity to the local population.
Abba Aragawi, a devout ascetic, climbed the steep cliffs of Debre Damo, a mountain considered sacred by locals. He founded a monastery on the mountain and became a revered figure, known for his piety and isolation from the world.
Abba Garimaa skilled craftsman, is credited with the construction of the Abba Garima Monastery, known for its ancient wall paintings and scriptures. Abba Goubaa compassionate healer, founded a monastery in Madara to provide medical care and spiritual comfort to the community.
Abba Liqanosmaster of liturgical music, composed hymns and prayers which continue to enrich the tradition of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Abba Pantelewona talented exorcist, is credited with exorcising evil spirits and bringing peace to troubled areas.
Abba Tsahmaa devout scholar, devoted his life to the study of the Bible and the promotion of Christian education. Abba Yem’ataa charismatic preacher, traveled widely, spreading the gospel and planting churches in remote areas.
The legacy of the Nine Saints is deeply linked to Ethiopia’s history and its Orthodox Christian faith. Their unwavering dedication, missionary zeal, and contributions to Ethiopian culture have earned them a place of respect and admiration among the Ethiopian people – and in Christianity in general.
